Micro size craters were created by interaction of nanosecond laser beam with titanium target in liquid media. The dimension of crater i.e. depth and width is important in some applications such as micromachining. When the interaction occurs in liquid environment, the ablated materials from the target expand into the liquid. The ablated material can affect the interaction process if the ablated ...

ZnO thin films of porous structure with strong c-axis orientation were deposited on n-type silicon substrate by pulsed laser ablation of ZnO target in low O2 pressure (around 0.03 mbar) and at 600C substrate temperature. We attribute the formation of nanopores and the crater-like formation to the high kinetic energy of the ablated particles. Photoluminescence spectra show the near band edge emi...

Just prior to the emergence of the tooth into the oral cavity, a small circular crater forms in the gingival epithelium immediately above the crown. The craters appear to expand in diameter during eruption to accommodate the emerging crown of the tooth. The observations support the concept that the crown of the tooth does not actively push through and rupture the gingival epithelium, but rather...

Introduction: The highly successful Voyager [1,2] and Cassini [3] imaging experiments revealed high quality imaging data that allows for a reasonably good analysis of the crater distributions on the Saturnian satellites [4,5,6]. The observed crater distributions appear to conflict with theoretical crater distributions that are derived from observed projectile populations [6,7]. In order to comp...

0019-1035/$ see front matter 2010 Elsevier Inc. A doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2010.03.032 * Corresponding author at: Room No. 122, Main Bu Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industria Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 606, Andhra Pradesh, Ind E-mail addresses: [email protected], senthil@ Hydrogeological modification of Meteor Crater produced a spectacular set of gullies throughout the interior ...

around the crater floor (Schultz 1976). Rarely, in cases of extreme crater modification (e.g., Gassendi), deformation Many floor-fractured craters on the Moon show surface deformation like that seen over terrestrial laccoliths. Consequently, can extend beyond the crater rim to form another annular terrestrial laccoliths provide one model for such crater modifitrough surrounding a narrowed, ridg...

We reviewed 13 cases of osteochondritis dissecans of the patella followed-up for 18 months to 19 years. Two were treated conservatively with excellent results, and 11 by operation with six excellent, four good and one fair result. There was complete radiographic healing of the defect in 10 cases and partial healing in three. The size of the osteochondritic lesion appeared to be of prognostic si...

Introduction: Impact craters on the Moon (and other bodies) form and degrade over time resulting in a change in crater shape and hence an overall evolution in lunar topography. Modeling of crater erosion (e.g. [1, 2, 3]) enables the tracking of crater shape evolution with time and can be used to estimate the relative age of a particular crater. Intuitively, crater degradation results from the c...